Evolução hominínia: o que revela o tamanho dos dentes posteriores?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24885/sab.v37i3.1191Palavras-chave:
Evolução humana, dentes pós-caninos, análise multivariadaResumo
A dentição tem grande importância para o estudo da evolução humana devido ao seu alto grau de preservação no registro fóssil e a sua capacidade de fornecer informações acerca dos indivíduos. Este trabalho busca identificar aspectos taxonômicos e relações evolutivas entre as espécies da linhagem humana a partir de uma análise fenética baseada em dados métricos da dentição posterior maxilar e mandibular, comparando-a com as ideias prevalecentes na literatura. As espécies incluídas abrangem os sete milhões de anos da evolução hominínia (totalizando 498 espécimes) e foram estudadas por meio de Análise de Componentes Principais. Além de fornecerem informações sobre o tamanho comparativo dos dentes de cada espécie, os resultados obtidos permitem que sejam discutidos o status hominínio do Sahelanthropus tchadensis, a relação de ancestralidade-descendência entre Australopithecus anamensis e Australopithecus afarensis, e o status taxonômico das espécies Australopithecus garhi, Australopithecus sediba, Homo rudolfensis, Homo antecessor e Homo naledi.
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