Playing with projectile points
childhood flintknapping imitation at an 8,500-year-old hunter-gatherer rockshelter site in Southern Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24885/sab.v31i2.586Keywords:
Childhood play imitation, Flintknapping projectile points at Adelar Pilger (RS-C-61), Hunter-gatherers in southern BrazilAbstract
This paper discusses how archaeologists can potentially identify the presence of children in the archaeological record through the study of finished lithic products. As a case study, I use Adelar Pilger (RS-C-61), a hunter-gatherer rockshelter habitation site in southern Brazil dated to approximately 8500 BP. By linking decisions related to raw material selection with the aesthetic and technological properties of projectile points, I have identified three types of points potentially made by experts, advanced apprentices, and children and/or initial apprentices. I suggest that children at the Adelar Pilger site were producing points as a form of play imitation. Children were able to roughly imitate formal shapes but could not properly reproduce the tools in a three dimensional or technological sense.
Downloads
References
BAMFORTH, Douglas & FINLAY, Nyree. 2008. Introduction: Archaeological Aproaches to Lithic Production and Craft Learning. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 15(1):1-27.
BAXTER, Jane Eva. 2005. The Archaeology of Childhood: Children, Gender and Material Culture. Gender and Archaeology Series, v.10. Walnut Creek, AltaMira Press.
BAXTER, Jane Eva. 2008. The Archaeology of Childhood. Annual Review of Anthropology 37:159-175.
BIRD-DAVID, Nurit. 2005. Studying Children in Hunter-Gatherer Societies, Reflections from a Nayaka Perspective. In: HEWLETT, B. & LAMB, E. (Ed.), Hunter-Gatherer Childhoods. New York, Aldine, pp. 92-105.
CRAWFORD, Sally. 2009. The Archaeology of Play Things: Theorising a Toy Stage in the ‘Biography’ of Objects. Childhood in the Past 2:56-71.
DE LUCIA, Kristin. 2010. A Child’s House: Social Memory, Identity, and the Construction of Childhood in Early Postclassic Mexican Households. American Anthropologist 112(4):607–624.
DIAS, Adriana Schmidt. 2007. Da Tipologia à Tecnologia: Reflexões Sobre a Variabilidade das Indústrias Líticas da Tradicão Umbu. In: BUENO, L. & ISNARDIS, A. (Org.), Das Pedras aos Homens: Tecnologia Lítica na Arqueologia Brasileira. Belo Horizonte, ARGVMENTVM Editora Ltda., pp. 33-66.
DIAS, Adriana Schmidt & NEUBAUER, Fernanda. 2010. Um Estudo Contextual da Organização Tecnológica do Sítio RS-C-61: Adelar Pilger (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil). Cazadores Recolectores del Cono Sur. Revista de Arqueología 4:187-206.
EMBER, Carol & CUNNAR, Christiane. 2015. Children’s Play and Work: The Relevance of Cross-Cultural Ethnographic Research for Archaeologists. Childhood in the Past 8(2):87-103.
ENDRES, Raqquel. 2014. A Utilização de Tecnologias 3D em Análise de Pontas de Projétil da Tradição Umbu: Uma Proposta Exploratória. Senior thesis, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do rio Grande do Sul.
FERGUSON, Jeffrey. 2008. The When, Where, and How of Novices in Craft Production. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 15(1):51-67.
GÄRDENFORS, Peter & HÖGBERG, Anders. 2017. The Archaeology of Teaching and the Evolution of Homo docens. Current Anthropology 58(2):188-208.
GRAY, Peter. 2009. Play as a Foundation for Hunter-Gatherer Social Existence. American Journal of play (Spring 2009):476-522.
GRIMM, Linda. 2005. Apprentice Flintknapping: Relating Material Culture and Social Practice in the Upper Palaeolithic. In: DEREVENSKI, J. (Ed.), Children and Material Culture. London and New York, Routledge, pp. 51-71.
GUSINDE, Martin. 1983. Los Indios de Tierra del Fuego. Buenos Aires, Centro Argentino de Etnología Americana.
HAWCROFT, Jennie & DENNELL, Robin. 2000. Neanderthal Cognitive Life History and its Implications for Material Culture. In: DEREVENSKI, J. S. (Ed.), Children and Material Culture. London and New York, Routledge, pp. 89-99.
HILDEBRAND, Jennifer. 2012. Children in Archaeological Lithic Analysis. Nebraska Anthropologist 27:25-42.
HÖGBERG, Anders. 2008. Playing with Flint: Tracing a Child’s Imitation of Adult Work in a Lithic Assemblage. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 15(1):112-131.
KAMEI, Nobutaka. 2005. Play Among Baka Children in Cameroon. In: HEWLETT, B. & LAMB, M. (Ed.), Hunter-Gatherer Childhoods: Evolutionary, Developmental and Cultural Perspectives. New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers, pp. 343-359.
KEITH, Kathryn. 2005. Childhood Learning and the Distribution of Knowledge in Foraging Societies. In: BAXTER, J. (Ed.), Children in Action: Perspectives on the Archaeology of Childhood. Papers of the American Anthropological Association 15. Washington, D.C., American Anthropological Association, pp. 27-40.
KNIGHT, Charles. 2017. Children, Apprenticeship and Pedagogy: Domestic Crafting and Obsidian Core Production at the Zaragoza-Oyameles Source Area in Puebla, Mexico. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 47:152-166.
LEINZ, Vickor & AMARAL, Sérgio. 1989. Geologia Geral. São Paulo, Editora Nacional.
LILLEHAMMER, Grete. 1989. A Child Is Born: The Child’s World in an Archaeological Perspective. Norwegian Archaeological Review 22(2):89-105.
MILNE, S. Brooke. 2005. Palaeo-Eskimo Novice Flintknapping in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Journal of Field Archaeology 30(3):329-345.
NEUBAUER, Fernanda. 2016. Late Archaic Hunter-Gatherer Lithic Technology and Function (Chipped Stone, Ground Stone, and Fire-Cracked Rock): A Study of Domestic Life, Foodways, and Seasonal Mobility on Grand Island in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Ph.D. Dissertation. Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison. 979pp.
NEUBAUER, Fernanda. 2018. Use-Alteration Analysis of Fire-Cracked Rocks. American Antiquity 83(4):681-700.
OKUMURA, Mercedes & ARAUJO, Astolfo. 2013. Pontas Bifaciais no Brasil Meridional: Caracterização Estatística das Formas e suas Implicações Culturais. Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia 23:111-127.
OKUMURA, Mercedes & ARAUJO, Astolfo. 2014. Long-Term Cultural Stability in Hunter-Gatherers: A Case Study Using Traditional and Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Lithic Stemmed Bifacial Points from Southern Brazil. Journal of Archaeological Science 45:59-71.
OKUMURA, Mercedes & ARAUJO, Astolfo. 2016. The Southern Divide: Testing Morphological Differences Among Bifacial Points from Southern and Southeastern Brazil Using Geometric Morphometrics. Journal of Lithic Studies 3(1):107-132.
OKUMURA, Mercedes & ARAUJO, Astolfo. 2017. Fronteiras Sul e Sudeste: Uma Análise Morfométrica de Pontas Bifaciais de Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Journal of Lithic Studies 4(3):163-188.
PARK, Robert. 1998. Size Counts, the Miniature Archaeology of Childhood in Inuit Societies. Antiquity 72(276):269-281.
PARK, Robert. 2008 Growing Up North: Exploring the Archaeology of Childhood in the Thule and Dorset Cultures of Arctic Canada. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 15:53–64.
POLITIS, Gustavo G. 1998. Arqueología de la Infancia: Una Perspectiva Etnoarqueológica. Trabajos de Prehistoria 55(2):5-19.
RODET, Maria Jacqueline & DUARTE, Déborah. 2010. Crianças, Aprendizes, Impropriedades ou Inabilidades: Os Acidentes de Lascamento das Indústrias Líticas do Brasil Central (Exemplo do Norte do Estado de Minas Gerais). Proceedings of the 15th National Congress of the Society of Brazilian Archaeology (SAB), 2009 Sept. 20-23, Trabalhos Completos: Simpósios, Belém, Brazil, pp. 2-8.
ROUX, V.; BRIL, B.; DIETRICH, G. 1995. Skills and Learning Difficulties Involved in Stone Knapping: The Case of Stone-Bead Knapping. World Archaeology 27(1):63-87.
SCHWARTZMAN, Helen. 1976. The Anthropological Study of Children’s Play. Annual Review of Anthropology 5:289-328.
SHEA, John. 2006. Child’s Play: Reflections on the Invisibility of Children in the Paleolithic Record. Evolutionary Anthropology 15:212-216.
STAPERT, Dick. 2007. Neanderthal Children and Their Flints. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Northwest Europe 1 and 2:16-39.
STERNKE, Farina & SØRENSEN, Mikkel. 2009. The Identification of Children’s Flintknapping Products in Mesolithic Scandinavia. In: MCCARTAN, S.; SCHULTING, R., WARREN, G.; WOODMAN, P. C. (Ed.), Mesolithic Horizons. Papers Presented at the Seventh International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Belfast 2005. Oxford, Oxbow, pp. 722-729.
TOMASELLO, Michael. 1999. The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
TURNBULL, Colin. 1962. The Forest People: A Study of the Pygmies of the Congo. New York, Simon and Schuster.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Fernanda Neubauer

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.